Strong uptake of good wintering practices
DairyNZ has seen a significant increase in the number of farmers improving their wintering practices, which results in a higher standard of animal care and environmental protection.
Roche told a Smaller Milk and Supply Herd conference in Whangarei in late June that some farmers had replaced good pasture management with overuse of their checkbooks to try to get more milk out of cows for longer.
In the 2008-09 season only 15-20% of farmers said they were using supplement year-round or, at the end of the year; but that had jumped to 24-30% by 2013-2014. As a result, Roche says, NZ has gone from being one of the most economical producers to one of the more costly.
This change is likely to test farmers for at least the next 12 months, he says, as the global dairy market goes from its up cycle to its down cycle. “Only when the tide goes out do you see who’s been swimming naked.”
In 2000 European and US trade officials had emptied their warehouses of product, creating a global shortage which NZ farmers quickly took advantage of. Production increased by 20 billion litres by 2013-14 – 9b more than in 1999-2000.
Production increases have come at a cost to NZ; an International Farm Comparison Network study revealed a 300% rise in production cost between 2000 and 2012, making California a more cost-effective dairying location. This amused visiting farmers who came to see an efficient, cost-effective industry: “Farmers from all over the world still visit NZ to find out how to farm, but some now leave shaking their heads,” Roche says.
More international farmers learnt lessons from the NZ dairy industry of old, says Roche, especially after 2014 UK studies revealed the average farmer on pasture required 139 cows to generate 30,000 pounds sterling (NZ$69,0000) a year while farmers operating on a TCR system needed 413 cows.
While top performing TCR farmers managed to out-perform top system one -- three operators by a slim margin – that did not apply to average operators. “In most cases simple systems work best for most people. While farmers like to think they’re above average not every farmer is, and you must keep your eye on the ball with cashbook systems.”
Roche says the secret is farming on a resilient model which mixes good supplement use, animal husbandry, financial prudence, pasture management and smart labor use.
While day to day supplement management may be a tactical decision to plug short term feed deficits or maintain animal condition, yearly supplement budgeting is a strategic decision, says Roche. He recommends that yearly supplementary feed projections take into account average pasture grown, the land’s stock carrying capacity, current stocking rate and how much financial exposure importing feed into the system is likely to create.
Research into supplementary feeding shows the cost of getting supplement to animals is 1.3-1.6 cents for every cent spent on the actual supplement, meaning farmers can expect returns of about 55gMS/kgDM eaten.
A supplement budget priced at no more than 3.5% of milk price is safe; Roche recommends no more than 500kgDM/cow of supplementary feed a year.
Referring to calculating pasture covers, Roche suggests farmers could get better return by taking a leaf from drystock farmers’ books.
While farmers most commonly work on cows/ha, Roche says this doesn’t take into types of cows or nutrient loading; liveweight/ha is a better guide. Better still, adopt a competitive stocking rate which takes account of all aspects of a farming operation including youngstock, available pasture and supplement and nitrogen used.
By taking all these steps a farmer can develop a system which can be replicated in multiple operations, with the farmer in an oversight rather than a day-to-day management role.
While things may look tight for dairy farmers now, Roche says, recessions often offer opportunities for smart operators. “Resilience is not how high you can go, it’s how well you can bounce. Never let a good recession go to waste.”
