Wednesday, 29 January 2025 08:55

Rise in fall armyworm numbers

Written by  Staff Reporters
Second generation fall armyworm (FAW) have already been observed in Northland. Second generation fall armyworm (FAW) have already been observed in Northland.

Populations of fall armyworm are two to three weeks more advanced than they have been in previous seasons, bringing calls for maize and sweetcorn growers to scout their crops as often as possible.

Foundation for Arable Research biosecurity officer Ash Mills says that second generation fall armyworm (FAW) have already been observed in Northland, where small populations have been widespread since November. While FAW population densities in maize crops are reaching up to 10% in small hotspots in the region, these levels remain below economic thresholds where maize growers would consider the use of pesticides for management.

Adult moths have also been observed in the Tasman region, with second-generation larvae expected in maize crops shortly. FAW has also been confirmed in Auckland and Waikato, as well as the South Island's West Coast, with possible findings in the Bay of Plenty and Gisborne.

Actively scouting crops and monitoring for any signs of FAW presence allows growers time to assess infestations and consider numbers in terms of economic damage and treatment thresholds. Economic thresholds may vary depending on crop, end use and growth stage. For example, damage to maize silage crops is unlikely to cause a severe economic loss, whereas any pest damage on sweetcorn cobs intended for human consumption will.

"Scouting is the number one effective tool for identifying pests and damage levels. The window of time from egg laying to the early larval stage, when FAW is small and susceptible on leaves is very short. Once FAW larvae are bigger and move into the whorl of the plant, identification and, if necessary, control, become more difficult," Mills says.

It is also important not to confuse FAW with other maize pests, particularly Cosmopolitan armyworm and corn earworm which can also cause damage.

Overuse of chemicals can disrupt beneficial insects such as the parasitoid wasp Cotesia ruficrus and generalist predators such as spiders, which help manage egg and early larval stages of FAW.

"Early detection allows for timely decisions, whether relying on natural predators or implementing targeted interventions, to minimise losses while protecting beneficial insect populations."

Mills encourages maize and sweetcorn growers to share experiences with their neighbours, as well as talking to their advisor; communication at a local, regional and national level are important to learn how to manage this pest.

Up to three generations of FAW have been recorded in Northland in previous years, but early indications suggest that up to four generations are likely this season. Living up to its fall armyworm name, this means bigger numbers and potentially more damage as populations multiply in autumn or "fall".

"Maize crops are looking great now, and early indications suggest that that parasitism rates of FAW larvae are increasing as the season progresses and the pest population grows.

"In more tropical climates, five or six generations of FAW can develop in a season; this is when severe crop damage occurs. Modelling shows that New Zealand is not expected to get five generations, but this year we will likely get four. However, it is also anticipated that by the time that happens, most crops will have been harvested," Mills says.

A Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) Sustainable Food and Fibre Futures (SFFF) project, led by FAR and supported by Vegetables NZ is covering a range of topics including identifying economic thresholds for chemical control for maize silage, maize grain and sweetcorn and investigating FAW specific integrated pest management strategies.

More like this

New CEO for FAR

The Foundation for Arable Research (FAR) has appointed Dr Scott Champion as its new chief executive.

Velvetleaf a real risk to crops

Any farmer that harvests or buys crops risks inviting one of the world's most invasive pest plants onto their property - to their detriment.

Featured

Gongs for best field days site

Among the regular exhibitors at last month’s South Island Agricultural Field Days, the one that arguably takes the most intensive preparation every time is the PGG Wrightson Seeds site.

Feed help supplements Canterbury farmers meet protein goals

Two high producing Canterbury dairy farmers are moving to blended stockfeed supplements fed in-shed for a number of reasons, not the least of which is to boost protein levels, which they can’t achieve through pasture under the region’s nitrogen limit of 190kg/ha.

National

Machinery & Products

Buhler name to go

Shareholders at a special meeting have approved a proposed deal that will see Buhler Industries, the publicly traded Versatile and…

Grabbing bales made quick and easy

Front end loader and implement specialist Quicke has introduced the new Unigrip L+ and XL+ next-generation bale grabs, designed for…

» Latest Print Issues Online

The Hound

Risky business

OPINION: In the same way that even a stopped clock is right twice a day, economists sometimes get it right.

Should've waited

OPINION: The proposed RMA reforms took a while to drop but were well signaled after the election.

» Connect with Rural News

» eNewsletter

Subscribe to our weekly newsletter