Best practices for optimal pasture application
Good effluent management on a dairy farm combines a well-designed system with proper processes to ensure the right amount of effluent gets applied to pasture at the right time.
DairyNZ summarises the top 10 attributes of farmers who have shared their budgets online in its Tactics campaign.
Tactics, seeking to help farmers succeed despite the low milk price, persuaded 18 dairy farmers with low production cost ($/kgMS) to make their budgets available online at dairynz.co.nz/tactics.
The online visitor gets to see where these farmers are spending their money and the reasons for key management decisions.
These farmers, around the country, achieve impressive results with average farm working expenses of $2.99/kgMS for farm owners and $1.49/kgMS for 50:50 sharemilkers.
How are they doing this?
An intense focus on a few high priorities enables them to excel: these farmers are generally excellent business managers, have developed simple farm systems that can be profitable at very low milk prices and work with positive people.
Below is a summary of ten management practices and farming philosophies common to most of these farmers. Sit down with your family, business partners or advisors and discuss each area to identify which ones you can focus on to improve your business performance.
1. Longer term goals are essential
A clear vision for the future and understanding of why they are farming.
Short- and long-term goals are regularly reviewed.
Good positive people surround the business, information is shared, and a good team of professionals like bankers and accountants are used to discuss farm performance and longer term strategies.
2. Farm systems are profitable, replicable and simple
Key farm management decisions revolve around profit.
The farm system doesn’t change significantly as milk price changes – being profitable no matter the milk price is important. This applies to all farms from systems one to five.
The farm systems are simple and easy to operate and describe. This also made it easier for many of the farmers to eliminate marginal expense items that did not have high enough returns.
3. Very strong on financial management
Aggressive debt repayment is practiced during higher payout seasons to reduce risk.
The farmers generally prepare their own budgets and have full ownership of them. Monthly cashflow budgets are monitored very closely.
Adjustments are made to budgets as milk price changes e.g. repairs and maintenance or fertiliser expenditure.
Detailed benchmarking is undertaken: these farmers know how they perform from season to season and against their peers.
4. Pasture management is a top priority
Pasture is the absolute priority and maximising the growth and utilisation is a key to their success.
Very regular farm walks are completed to measure grass; the data is used in a range of feed budget tools. The spring rotation planner is seen as essential in most cases.
Pasture cover at calving is seen as critical and long rotation lengths are utilised to build pasture cover from late summer.
Pasture damage is minimised with on/off grazing when required.
5. Cow condition at calving critical
Achieving target cow condition at calving was a common theme with defined drying-off dates, once-a-day milking plans and in some cases crops and supplements used to achieve these targets.
Winter feed is not wasted on fat cows: regular drafting of cows is practiced, based on cow condition.
Young stock are well grown so they can compete in the herd.
6. The farm team is valued, recognised and included
Staff are valued and recognised.
The current economic situation is well communicated and farmers seek ideas from the staff on ways to improve the efficiency of the farm.
Sharemilkers have open communication lines with farm owners.
The farm plan is easy to communicate with staff and therefore easy to implement.
Staff must take holidays to ensure they get rest and minimise liability.
7. Soil fertility is monitored closely
Soil fertility is very important and paddock soil testing is common, however where phosphate levels are higher than recommended levels, inputs are reduced in most cases.
8. Feed is imported based on price
Imported feed is kept to a minimum on many farms. Those farmers that did buy higher levels of supplement used cost/kgDM or MJME as the main purchase criteria and wastage was minimised as much as possible.
9. Around 4-10% of the farm is sown in a variety of crops
Given the farms are located from Northland to Southland, a variety of crops are grown on most of the farms including turnips, oats, barley, maize, swedes and fodder beet.
High yielding crops are a focus, minimising the cost per kgDM.
Crops are used effectively for re-grassing and to shift high energy feed to times of pasture deficit.
10. Repair and maintenance contractor spending is reduced
Farm is well maintained in good years so spending can be reduced in very low payout seasons.
Where possible, the farmer does repairs and maintenance.
Machinery is well maintained.
