Don’t be a slave to your debt
OPINION: Clicking through some news of late, I have noted the odd headline referring to credit card debt.
The Farm Debt Mediation Bill is predicted to pass into law in New Zealand before Christmas, making mediation compulsory before lenders are able to enforce farm debt.
The scheme is expected to be operational by July 2020. Farm debt levels have risen to almost NZ$63 billion this year, and farmers are particularly exposed to factors such as climate change, disease and offshore market volatility. Farms are often operated as family business, and many farmers have a strong emotional and historical attachment to their land.
Decision making about the financial future of farms can be particularly difficult.
What is farm debt mediation?
Mediation is a negotiation facilitated by a third party, a mediator, to assist the parties to negotiate a solution to their disputes. Farm debt mediation is intended to provide a tool for farmers who might be struggling with high debt levels and who want to be proactive about managing their financial position before defaulting on their obligations with their bank.
Enforcement action is typically taken by banks only as a last resort, however, the impact of enforcement on both lender and creditor can be significant. Farm debt mediation provides a tool to assist the parties to avoid such enforcement taking place.
Mediation aims to assist the parties to find their own solutions to the issues they face. Those solutions might not save the family farm, but could help the parties to define the issues between them, understand the options available and agree a way forward.
The Farm Debt Mediation bill has recently been reported back from a select committee with some important changes to the scope. The committee noted that the policy intent of the bill is that “anyone with a direct interest in farm debt mediation should be able to access the process.”
A “farmer” is defined to be “a person who is engaged in a primary production operation” and includes a “principal debtor under a debt incurred solely or principally for the purpose of conducting a primary production business”.
Mediation can be proposed by farmers at any stage, and a creditor must agree to participate unless there is a good reason to decline the request. If a creditor doesn’t agree to participate, this is something that may be considered in an assessment of whether the creditor has acted in good faith. A creditor can only request mediation through the scheme following a default by a customer. They are free to propose mediation outside of the scheme at any stage.
Under the proposed legislation, the farmer nominates a panel of three accredited mediators and the creditor must accept one of the three mediators proposed. The Bill proposes that farmers’ contribution to the mediators’ costs is capped at $2000. There remains an open question as to who will be responsible for the costs of any independent experts, such as accountants or farm consultants, whose expertise is often crucial to achieving a resolution of the dispute.
The key to effective mediation
The key to effective mediation is in preparation and in the choice of mediator. From a preparation perspective, it is important that participants consider what a good outcome looks like for them, and what a bad outcome would be, as well as what evidence helps their respective positions and what does not.
Similar schemes have been operating successfully in Canada, the US and some Australian states for decades.
The introduction of the scheme in New Zealand is a useful tool to assist farmers and their lenders to work constructively through some of the challenges facing the sector now, and into the future.
• Scott Abel is a partner and Bridie McKinnon a senior associate at Buddle Findlay
