Arable Farmers Shift to Dairy as Fuel and Fertiliser Costs Surge
Some arable farmers are getting out of arable and converting to dairy in the faced of soaring fuel and fertiliser prices on top of a very poor growing season.
The arable industry is facing "the perfect storm" and New Zealand is not alone, Marr told the Foundation for Arable Research's "Show me the money" conference at Lincoln University recently.
New Zealand is a major player in herbage seed production which is in global oversupply. Growers also rely on a free market price for grain which is linked to the global price.
Marr, a Methven mixed arable farmer, says the problem with arable is the gross margin.
"There is simply not enough money being generated."
A cost of production spreadsheet commissioned by FAR, based on a Canterbury irrigated farm, showed a gross margin of $983 a hectare for feed wheat and $951/ha for ryegrass seed for the 2025 harvest. For the ryegrass crop, the gross margin essentially represents only the value of the straw, he says.
"This isn't anyone's fault as we are dealing with the international price, but the challenge is how to turn this around."
Arable exports are worth $340 million, with another $1 billion in arable production underpinning the domestic pastoral sector.
Yield has the biggest positive influence on cost of production and this needs to increase to produce more on less land.
"So instead of growing five crops I will have to grow 10. Diversification is nothing new for arable farmers, but we need to diversify, be agile and look at integrated systems. Some of us will look at horticulture, some dairy and some may even go back to ewes and lambs."
Marr also questioned who had oversight for the arable sector. This was not FAR, whose mandate is research and development, or Federated Farmers, which advocates for all farmers. A formal agreement needs to be reached on who is responsible for different roles. No one is advocating for arable in Wellington to governmnent and others, he says.
"Onions NZ have a $200 million export market and have several people in Wellington and they brief me before trade delegations. No one rings me from arable."
A vacuum in information gathering also exists in the arable sector.
"Whoever brings arable together, needs to bring the data and technology together and to link this with other sectors," Marr says.
In her last speech as FAR chief executive before stepping down, Alison Stewart said it is widely recognised that arable crop production in New Zealand is more expensive than in many overseas countries because of higher land and labour prices and greater input costs.
Over the years, New Zealand arable growers have been able to stay competitive because of their ability to generate much higher yields, averaging 12 tonne/ha for milling wheat compared to 4t/ha overseas.
"Unfortunately, there comes a time when further yield optimisation is either no longer possible or no longer acceptable under resource use limits. Arable growers are now facing this situation."
FAR's conference looked at ways of maximising returns through the application of proven research and technology. This included only applying an economic optimum rate of nitrogen fertiliser while utilising soil nitrogen supply, and options for reducing agrichemical inputs without compromising crop production and profitability.
