Closing the Loop: Carbon Amendments & Vineyard Soils
New Zealand’s wine industry produces around 100,000 tonnes of grape marc waste annually, while the forestry sector generates over five million tonnes of wood residue.
Lincoln Agritech got hefty grants in the latest round of the Ministry of Primary Industry’s Sustainable Farming Fund for two three-year studies that began on July 1.
One is looking into using winter catch crops to reduce nitrate leaching loss, and the other into using real-time optical sensors to direct variable-rate fertiliser application in dairy pastures.
Dr Peter Carey, who heads the catch crop study, said research already showed farmers could use nitrogen more efficiently while reducing their environmental footprint, by following grazed winter forage crops with a crop that can be lifted for green chop silage in November. The study aims to show how it could be up-scaled from research trials to commercial working farms, and done reliably and consistently, using various crops under various conditions.
“It can be a win-win situation. But traditionally, trying to sow a crop in the middle of winter is not usually encouraged. Often those paddocks have lain fallow until the next sowing of a winter forage crop or pasture in spring.”
Carey says that rain and leaching from grazed winter feed paddocks can cause a major loss of nitrate.
“It may be only 10% of their farm area, but it may be 40% of their nitrogen loss over that year.”
He says some farmers are experimenting with winter crops but with variable results. They want confidence that it would work, and the study is aimed at producing workable guidelines.
Carey says contractors involved in the study are also enthusiastic, as winter sowing could bring them work at an otherwise quiet time of year.
The study will be trying out new technology -- a power spade plough imported from the Netherlands and designed to manage even wet soils. The spading action helps drive the tractor forward as it works, rather than it relying on tyre traction in muddy ground.
