Four-Year Trial Confirms Plantain Cuts N Losses 33%
A four year trial has reaffirmed that mixing plantain into dairy pastures can help reduce nitrogen losses to freshwater while maintaining milk production and profitability, say researchers.
He says this includes designing an innovative drainage system that uses the soil structure on the farm to enable measurement of all the nitrogen leaching from each paddock.
Kemp says the great thing is that the trial site allows the results to be directly transferable to current farming systems in NZ.
“Importantly for farmers, transition to plantain pastures results in no loss of production, while simultaneously reducing nitrogen leaching significantly from farms into freshwater,” he says.
Kemp says farmers have the choice of planting a number of paddocks in plantain or incorporating in with their clover and ryegrass, but he says mixing it in with other grass species ensures that farmers have it available all the time across their farm.
Plantain is essentially a diuretic, meaning it dilutes the urine coming out of the cow. Peter Kemp says the nutritive composition of plantain means that more of the N in the cow ends up in dung, which is a benefit to reducing N leaching. He says there is still more scientific research needed to better understand just how plantain works, especially around its persistence in the range of pastures around the country.
“A dairy farm is quite a complex system and so when you make a change to it there is a lot of science in understanding all the ramifications of that,” he says.
Glenn Judson is an animal nutritionist at Agricom which has developed Ecotain Plantain. He says research into plantain began back in the 1980s when it was still seen as a weed and was eventually developed into a quality pasture species. He says this took time as initially seed yields were poor and it took agronomists time to sort this out.
“What we did notice in a lot of our work was some really strange things, such as when we had pure strands of plantain, we could never find a urine patch near it. Also when we brought the animals into the yards, animals who had been grazing plantain seemed to be urinating a lot more than others. So it actually took us quite a long time to catch on to the fact that this plant had been doing something to the nitrogen cycle,” he says.
He says Agricom now realises they have a very powerful tool in the form of Ecotain. He says it brings resilience to pastures when it gets dry, it’s very good at passing on trace elements to animals and it has some effect in terms of animal parasites. But Judson says the most exciting factor is the environmental aspect which is that plantain promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.
A Farmer's Perspective
Dannevirke dairy farmer Thomas Read is a strong advocate for plantain.
He runs 1,300 cows on a 500ha block and has been using it for the last eight years. He says he started looking at plantain after going through two droughts and was looking for slightly diverse pasture that would fit in with his system, was cost effective and was more drought tolerant.
He says as a result of this he incorporated plantain into his system and, as word got out about the environmental benefits, he joined the plantain working group and has been working with DairyNZ.
“I would recommend it to other farmers. The simplicity behind it, the fact that it integrates into your businesses, the cost effectiveness is great too – then there is the environmental benefit,” he says.
